Ricardo Pereira
 
Recording bass guitar is slightly different from recording electric guitar. Although we can record electric guitars using a DI and use some plugins to change the sound of the guitar, such practice is more common when recording bass. A well-played and well-recorded bass is vital to the sound and feel of a track; therefore it is vital to choose the right sound and best recording technique.

The first thing that we need to do is decide how to record the bass. We can mike up the amp, record it through a DI or combine these two techniques. When recording it through a DI, we are recording the natural sound that the bass is producing. Therefore, we will need to use some plugins to get the sound we want, as well as a compressor, limiter and an EQ. If we want to mike up the amp we are playing through, we can use a dynamic microphone, a condenser microphone or both. If we are using a dynamic microphone it is a good idea to use an SM57 or an AKG D112, usually used to record the bass drum. As explained in the previous blog, Recording Electric Guitar, the position of the microphone influences the sound we get. Therefore, if we want to enhance the low frequencies a good idea is to place the microphone close to centre of speaker.  If we want to give some colour to the sound of the bass we can use a condenser microphone. This will add some brightness to our sound. When using this type of mic, it is important to have the -10dB switched on so that the sound doesn’t distort.

It is common to split the signal miking up the amp we are using, at the same time that we are recording it through a DI. Some amps have a DI that we can use. If that is not the case, we can use an external one.
It is a good idea to use an analogue compressor if we are recording music that includes slapping, such as funk. This will even the signal and avoid big differences in the level of the sound.

To find out more about recording bass click on the following links:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8CEDwn9JTiE
http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/mar99/articles/recordingbass.htm


 
In the process of improvising, it is extremely important to know what scales and modes we can use over the chords of a music piece. In our improvising class, we have started working on a piece called Royal Roost (Tenor Madness) by Kenny Clarke, which follows a jazz blues progression.

In order to improvise over a jazz blues progression it is important to know the scales that we should use over the chords of this progression. As most of the chords used in a jazz blues progression are dominant 7 or minor seven chords, it is really important to be able to sing/play the Mixolydian and the Dorian mode. The Mixolydian mode can be used to improvise over a dominant 7 chord while the Dorian mode can be used over a minor 7 chord.

In class we played this song as a band and we had a chance to improvise. Although it was easy to improvise, I felt like I didn’t know the scales that I was using. Over the next three weeks I am going to practice these two modes in different keys. I’ll start by playing them on the guitar and singing at the same time. Once I am confident I’ll play the first note and then sing the mode. Finally, I will try to improvise over a jazz blues progression using these modes.

 
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Nowadays there are many different ways to record electric guitars. There are three different aspects we need to think of when recording electric guitars: the instrument itself, the amplifier and the loudspeaker system used. These components will all contribute to the sound of our electric guitar. When miking techniques are taken into consideration there are other variables that will contribute to the sound of our recording. 
 
Although there is a number of effective DI techniques to record electric guitars, the traditional method is to mic up a really good amplifier. As far as the mic is concerned the amplifier is the instrument and therefore the position of the mic is really important. A lot of
sound comes from the speakers but there is also sound emitted from the back and sides of the amp. Both capacitor and dynamic microphones can be used to record electric guitar. Dynamic microphones produce a solid sound, while capacitor microphones produce a brighter, more open sound when used in the same way.  

When it comes to positioning the mic, the most common approach is to place the microphone very close to the speaker grille, pointing directly at the centre of the speaker. The closer it is to the centre the toppier the sound is. If we move the mic to one side it sounds less trebly and more bassy. Miking the back of the amp usually produces a warmer and less bright sound than miking from the front. The effect that the position of the microphone has in the sound is more noticeable when using a dynamic microphone. In order to get a better sound, an ambience microphone is often used. The type of microphone used to capture the ambience in the room is usually a condenser microphone which should be placed several feet from the cabinet. This will add a natural sense of space to the sound. 
 
 Some engineers combine these techniques by positioning two mics close to the amp (one on-axis and one off-asix) and a distant mic. Using different microphones close to the amp, a capacitor and a dynamic will give us a greater choice of tonality. When mixing, we can use delay on the ambience in order to increase its effective distance from the amp. Each millisecond of delay is equivalent to 12 inches of distance. 

To read more about recording electric guitar read the following article.
http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/Dec02/articles/recordingguitars.asp
 It is also worth reading the following article as there are a lot of important tips that we should consider when we are recording electric guitar.
http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/aug98/articles/20tips.html
In the following video we can listen to how the sound of the electric guitar changes with the position of the
microphones.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9k5BqSXUR6E